Area Of Focus

Public Finance

Our Public Finance lawyers have advised hundreds of cities, towns, counties, states, state agencies, universities, ports, public utilities, wastewater and transit agencies, school districts, fire districts, irrigation districts, and other public entities as disclosure counsel and bond counsel. We have also represented underwriters, bond trustees, credit enhancement providers, conduit borrowers, and other entities involved in public finance transactions.

We are one of the leading bond counsel firms in the United States, and our work as bond counsel includes billions in publicly sold bonds each year. We have been ranked in The Bond Buyer’s Far West Year End Review, The Bond Buyer’s Municipal Marketplace, and Refinitiv. Our Public Finance lawyers work closely with project finance lawyers and our Energy lawyers on a range of financings and public private partnership transactions. Our Public Finance lawyers in the United States also liaise with colleagues in our London office who specialize in financing solutions for local authorities, where experience across widely divergent jurisdictions can provide useful perspectives.

While finance matters have historically been the heart of our municipal practice, we have an impressive breadth of relevant experience. Our lawyers provide a wide variety of other legal services to our municipal clients, guiding them on energy issues, planning, permitting, land acquisition, procurement, construction claims and contracts, taxation, labor matters, litigation, environmental and regulatory proceedings, state and federal grants, and Indian tribal law. We regularly work with municipal clients on open public meetings, public records policy and disclosure, and election law issues.

Bond Counsel Services

As bond counsel in Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Idaho, Illinois, Montana, California, and Washington, D.C., we provide legal services in the issuance of general obligation bonds, utility revenue bonds, assessment bonds, industrial development bonds (and other types of private activity bonds), short-term obligations (tax, revenue, and bond anticipation notes), lines of credit, lease financing, tax increment financing, 501(c)(3) bonds, and refundings. We assist clients in financing projects using new tools available under the federal recovery act, including Opportunity Zone (OZ) investments, 63-20 bonds, and various tax credit bonds. We help clients identify and resolve legal, practical, and political concerns in all phases of a bond issue. In addition to our extensive experience working with issuers in the areas noted, we have worked with clients elsewhere in the United States and abroad.

These matters include:

Structuring bonds
Drafting election proceedings
Reviewing disclosure documents
Providing advice on compliance with state constitutional and statutory requirements
Providing advice on compliance with federal tax and securities regulations
Drafting closing documents and preparing bond transcripts

Our specific experience includes:

General obligation bonds
Revenue bonds
Assessment and local improvement district bonds
Certificates of participation and lease financing
Innovative debt instruments

Interest Rate Swaps

We have extensive experience negotiating interest rate swap transactions on behalf of municipal issuers. We have also negotiated numerous hedging transactions in connection with power purchase contracts for municipal utilities. We have significant experience with interest rate swap and other derivative transactions on behalf of corporate clients.

Our lawyers represent end users and do not represent dealers in swap transactions. We focus on interest rate swap transactions from the perspective of our issuer clients, negotiating terms that also are acceptable to a variety of providers. In our experience, a number of standard swap provisions must be modified to accommodate state law as well as the complex borrowing structures and covenants of municipal issuers.

Housing and Nonprofit Capital Facility Finance

The firm is active as bond counsel to issuers of housing and nonprofit revenue bonds. These transactions have included public and private sales, fixed and variable rate issues, master trust indentures, and interest rate swaps. The security for these bonds has included project revenues, taxes, contingent loan agreements, insurance, letters of credit, pass-through certificates, and mortgages. We also have experience with the allocation side and policy challenges of administering the low-income housing tax credit program.

School District Finance

We maintain the largest school district finance practice in the Pacific Northwest, both in numbers of finance lawyers and the number of issues for which we act as bond counsel. We assist districts with drafting bond and levy measures and election resolutions and have a broad range of experience in all types of school district finance, including conditional sales contracts, leases, tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes, qualified zone academy bonds, qualified school construction bonds, limited general obligation bonds, voted general obligation bonds, and refunding bonds.

Higher Education Finance

During our many years of representing higher education clients, we have enjoyed excellent working relationships with their finance staff, line staff, attorneys, and financial advisors. We have not only worked on numerous bond issues and property acquisitions and developments, but also provided advice with respect to student fee structures, state initiatives, ongoing disclosure to the secondary market, private use of public facilities, legislative options, privatization of public functions, and other issues.

We have worked with many issuers to provide tax-exempt lease financing for educational facilities, including buildings and equipment. While most of these transactions involved governmental borrowings supported by local and state taxes, as opposed to conduit financings, they have provided us with significant experience in dealing with lessors, intermediary banks, and state law issues regarding security for lease transactions.

Public-Private Partnerships

Our Public Finance lawyers assist public and select private entities in virtually every aspect of infrastructure development, including financing, planning, permitting, land acquisition, real estate transactions, competitive bidding, construction contracts and claims, environmental and regulatory proceedings, and litigation. We also assist clients in the use of 63-20 Bonds in public-private projects.

We have helped municipal and private sector clients form and manage some of the largest, most complex public-private sector joint ventures in the Pacific Northwest and Illinois, including the development of major cultural and port facilities and large-scale urban redevelopments. We also have experience with multiple facets of public-private partnerships, including privatization, risk shift, and joint development. We bring multidisciplinary experience to these projects in order to effectively manage a vast array of implications of public-private partnerships, including procurement, environmental, litigation, permitting, condemnation, and Supreme Court issues, as well as federal, state, and local tax matters.

Our public finance group pioneered the use of 63-20 financings in the Pacific Northwest, an innovative financing vehicle well-suited to financing the public portion of projects that also include separate private components. These financings have been successfully used to provide tax-exempt financings, utilizing nonprofit corporations, for projects that are used by, and ultimately will be owned by, a public entity. In this way, public entities are enabled to achieve their public purposes without incurring debt and with greater flexibility to negotiate construction contracts.

Opportunity Zones

We offer a full suite of practice areas necessary to understand and leverage the OZ program. Operating in this space requires a cross-practice, multifaceted approach to navigating the logistical, legal, and regulatory hurdles that may arise. Our multi-disciplined team of tax, tax policy, investment management, real estate, renewable energy, and tax-exempt organizations or nonprofit institutions professionals collaborate to advise and provide full-service guidance to educate clients about the OZ incentive, evaluate whether it is consistent with client goals, address legal and regulatory hurdles, and help them engage in the program. Our services include developing fund products to meet client needs and objectives; providing advice regarding the significant regulatory considerations related to organizing and operating Opportunity Funds; assisting with securities law compliance, including registering the fund sponsor as an investment adviser or qualifying for an exemption; complying with tax obligations for investments in Opportunity Funds; and determining and meeting the eligibility requirements for qualified OZ properties or OZ businesses.

Disclosure Counsel

We routinely act as disclosure counsel in addition to bond counsel, and provide opinions that are relied upon by our clients. In this role, we assist with preparing initial disclosure documents and ongoing disclosure.

Tax, Arbitrage, and U.S. Treasury Regulations

We closely monitor US Treasury regulations and interpretations of the Internal Revenue Code. We offer the services of two full-time tax lawyers who focus entirely on federal tax law matters relating to municipal finance. Our lawyers offer comprehensive tax services on all types of public financing transactions, including tax-exempt bonds issued by state and local government units and public agencies. We advise municipal issuers, underwriters, borrowers, and credit-enhancers on all aspects of federal tax laws affecting tax-exempt bonds, including structuring of governmental bonds and private activity bonds, complying with arbitrage and rebate regulations, and responding to Internal Revenue Service (IRS) examinations and audits.

In addition to keeping abreast of finance issues, our bond lawyers continually review and discuss proposals for federal legislation that may impact our clients or the municipal bond market, including the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

Taxable Obligations

While most of our work as bond counsel involves the issuance of tax-exempt bonds, an increasing percentage of taxable municipal bonds are being issued. We have been involved with the issuance of taxable portions of tax-exempt bond issues in order to pay for costs that cannot be financed with tax-exempt bonds.

We have also acted as bond counsel for large taxable bond issues for sports facilities. Specific issues have combined taxable and tax-exempt bonds to finance a new baseball stadium and basketball arena. Each of these taxable bond issues share virtually all of the characteristics of tax exempt bonds, except for the federal tax law analysis and the tax opinion.

Underwriter's Counsel

The firm has acted as underwriter’s counsel in many bond financings for cities, towns, housing authorities, counties, public utility districts, and other state agencies. In addition, we routinely serve as disclosure counsel to issuers, preparing official statements and providing a 10(b)(5) opinion with respect to federal securities laws.

We take pride in preparing clearly written, careful disclosure documents that are mindful of the federal securities laws applicable to municipal offerings. We counsel clients on various aspects of the federal securities laws and their applicability to primary disclosure documents as well as annual filings, material event notices, and other disclosures. As underwriter’s counsel, we also strive to develop a collaborative working relationship with the other members of a financing team.